Introduction to Optics

Course Code:

PHYS 205

Semester:

Spring

Course Type:

Core

P:

3

Lab:

0

Laboratuvar Saati:

2

Credits:

4

ECTS:

9

Course Language:

English

Course Coordinator:

Şerife İpek Karaaslan

Courses given by:

Şerife İpek Karaaslan

Melda Patan Alper

Course Objectives:

To inform students of how electromagnetic radiation is presently measured and utilised in industry. To provide students with knowledge of how imaging is applied in industry to facilitate understanding of optics principles and its potential for industrial application. To examine the wave nature of light through diffraction, interference, and Fresnels equations in order to develop appreciation of contemporary and future applications.

Course Content:

Çağdaş araştırmalarda kullanılan optik teknikleri, uzay medikal, elektronik, nükleer, metroloji ve kimya sanayileri.

Course Methodology:

1: Lecture, 2: Question-Answer, 3: Discussion, 9: Simulation, 12: Case Study

Course Evaluation Methods:

A: Testing, C: Homework, L: Lab

Vertical Tabs

Course Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes	Teaching Methods	Assessment Methods
1) To understand how images are formed practically and how they can be applied to medical, transport, electronic and space industries	1,2,3,9	A,C,L
2) To gain knowledge on how e-m waves are produced, detected, quantified, contained and utilised.	1,2,3,9	A,C, L
3) To understand diffraction as bending of light and that this causes a natural limitation on the resolution of images that can be observed.	1,2,3,9	A,C,L
3) To appreciate that the overlap region of two or more coherent diffracted beams causes interference and that this can be utilised to separate light into characteristic frequencies for spectroscopy.	1,2	A,C,L
4) To appreciate spectroscopy as a fundamental and powerful tool for chemical analysis and astronomical research.	1,9	A,C,L
5) To gain knowledge on how the interference of waves is applied to build interferometers for use in precise measurement of dimensions near and below the wavelength of light. To appreciate the application of interferometry to space navigation.	1,3	A,C,L
6) To be able to determine the percentage of light transmitted and reflected at various boundaries using Fresnel’s equations and understand their physical significance.	1,3,9,12	A,C,L

Course Flow

Week	Topics	Study Materials
1	Imaging: Ray model of light: reflection, refraction ,dispersion
2	Ray model of light: dispersion, Total internal reflection, optical fibres for imaging
3	Optical instruments: thin lenses, cameras (film and digital),
4	Optical instruments: the eye, magnifying glass, telescopes, microscope, aberrations
5	Medical imaging
6	The wave nature of light: travelling electromagnetic waves, producing E-M Waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, The Poynting vector
7	The wave nature of light: radiation pressure, resonant cavities, the Candela, synthesizing waveforms / Fourier series
8	Huygen’s principle, far field diffraction, diffraction at a single slit
9	Diffraction at double slits (Interference), coherence of light
10	Principles of spectroscopy: Rayleighs criterion, diffraction gratings, X-ray diffraction
11	Two-beam interferometers: The Michelson interferometer
12	Two-beam interferometers: Mach-Zender and Sagnac interferometers (optical gyroscope)
13	Plane polarised light, Malus’ law, Fresnel’s equations: Fresnel coefficients
14	Fresnel’s equations: reflectance and transmittance

Recommended Sources

Textbook	Physics for scientists and Engineers, Giancolli,4th edition
Additional Resources	Optics and photonics : an introduction Graham-Smith, Francis ; F. Graham Smith, Terry A. King, Dan Wilkins , Schaums outlines in optics-E. Hecht, Fundamentals of photonics Saleh, Bahaa E. A., 1944; Bahaa E.A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich. , Optics, Hecht.

Material Sharing

Documents	Optics Course handbook, R. Ince
Assignments	Homework assignments every fortnight
Exams	Two mid-term exams and one final

Assessment

IN-TERM STUDIES	NUMBER	PERCENTAGE
Mid-terms	2	25
Lab practicals	10	18
Homework	8	7
Total		50
CONTRIBUTION OF FINAL EXAMINATION TO OVERALL GRADE		50
CONTRIBUTION OF IN-TERM STUDIES TO OVERALL GRADE		50
Total		100

Course’s Contribution to Program

No	Program Learning Outcomes	Contribution
No	Program Learning Outcomes	1	2	3	4	5
1	Gains the ability to apply knowledge in physics and mathematics					X
2	Gains the ability to construct an experimental setup, perform the experiment, analyze and interpret the results					X
3	Gains knowledge required for measurements in scientific and technological areas					X
4	Is able to work in an interdisciplinary team			X
5	Is able to identify, formulate and solve physics problems				X
6	Is conscious of professional and ethical responsibility	X
7	Is able to communicate actively and effectively			X
8	Has the required education for industrial applications and social contributions to physics				X
9	Is conscious about necessity for lifelong education and can implement it		X
10	Aware of current investigations and developments in the field			X
11	Makes use of techniques and the modern equipment required for physical applications.					X

ECTS

Activities	Quantity	Duration (Hour)	Total Workload (Hour)
Course Duration (Including the exam week: 14x Total course hours)	14	3	42
Hours for off-the-classroom study (Pre-study, practice)	14	10	140
Mid-terms	2	2	4
Homework	4	5	20
Final examination	1	3	3
Laboratory	10	2	20
Total Work Load			229
Total Work Load / 25 (h)			9.16
ECTS Credit of the Course			9

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