Vico, Montesqieu, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger and Benjamin on: law and power, war and peace, forms of government, origins of society, goals of society, antagonism and cooperation, idealism and materialism, the natural and the social, teleology and contingency, repetition and evolution, time, destruction and progress, revolution and redemption, theology and science, the human and the religious, natural law and positive law, class conflict, the emergence of civil society, freedom as goal, reconciliation with nature, cruelty and repression in the creation of culture, ways of writing history, philosophical form and historical evidence, critical and traditional approaches, overcoming history or learning from it, alienation and harmony.
