Dear Students
The sources in the list below are the primary anthropology texts which we recommend for MA-PhD candidates. Besides, students who would apply the proficiency exam has to choose a sample, which comprises those that most relevant to their research interests and review before the exam.
-Abu-Lughod, Lila. (2015). Do Muslim Women Need Saving?. London: Harvard University Press.
-Abu-Lughod, Lila. (2016). Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. California: University of California Press.
-Anderson, David M., Johnson, Douglas H. (1991). Diviners, Seers and Spirits in Eastern Africa: Towards an Historical Anthropology. Africa, 61(3), 293-298.
-Appadura, Arjun. (2000). Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. Public Culture, 12(1), 1-19.
-Appadurai, Arjun. (1998). Dead Certainty: Ethnic Violence in the Era of Globalization. Nēthrā, 2(2), 1-31.
-Appadurai, Arjun. (2003). Illusion of Permanence: Interview with Arjun Appadurai by Perspecta 34. Perspecta, 34, 44-52.
-Appadurai, Arjun. (2005). The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-Asad, Talal. (1995). Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. (Ed.) Gerrit Huizer, The Politics of Anthropology (85-96). Paris: Mouton Publishers.
-Barnard, Alan. (2000). History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-Barth, Fredrik. (1956). Ecologic Relationships of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan. American Anthropologist, 58(6), 1079-1089.
-Barth, Fredrik. (1961). Nomads of South Persia the Basseri Tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
-Barth, Fredrik. (1967). On the Study of Social Change. American Anthropologist, 69, 661-669.
-Barth, Fredrik. (1969). Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
-Barth, Fredrik. (1998). Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Illinois: Waveland Press.
-Barth, Fredrik. (2000) Boundaries and Connection. (Ed.) Anthony P. Cohen, Signifying Identities Anthropological Perspectives on Boundaries and Contested Values (17-36). London and New York: Routledge.
-Benedict, Ruth. (2013). Patterns of Culture. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
-Blommaert, Jan. (2005). Bourdieu the Ethnographer the Ethnographic Grounding of Habitus and Voice. The Translator, 11(2), 219-236.
-Boas, Franz. (1896). The Limitations of the Comparative Method of Anthropology. Science. 4(103), 901-908.
-Boas, Franz. (1989). A Franz Boas Reader: The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911. George W. Stockings, (Ed.). Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
-Bourdieu, Pierre. (1961). The Algerians. Boston: Beacon Press.
-Bourdieu, Pierre. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-Bourdieu, Pierre. (1979). Algeria 1960. Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
-Bourdieu, Pierre. (1986). The Forms of Capital. (Ed.) J. G. Richardson, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press.
-Clark, Wissler. (1915). The Diffusion of Horse Culture among the North Americam Indians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1(4), 254-256.
-Clifford, James and Marcus, George E. (Eds.). (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
-Conklin, Harold C. (1973). Color Categorization. American Anthropologist, 75(4), 931-942.
-Conklin, Harold C. (1986). Hanuoo Color Categories. Journal of Anthropological Research, 42(3), 441-446.
-Delaney, Carol L. (1991). the Seed and the Soil: Gender and Cosmology in Turkish Village Society (Vol. 11). Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
-Denby, David. (2005). Herder: Culture, Anthropology and the Englightenment. History of Human Sciences, 18(1), 55-76.
-Dianteill, Erwan. (2012). Cultural Anthropology or Social Anthropology? A Transatlantic Dispute. L’Année Sociologique, 62, 93-122.
-Douglas, Mary. (1968). The Social Control of Cognition: Some Factors in Joke Perception, Man, 3(3), 361-376.
-Douglas, Mary. (1972). Deciphering a Meal. Daedalus, 101(1), 61-81.
-Douglas, Mary. (1984). Purity and Danger an Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London and New York: Routledge.
-Douglas, Mary. (1991). The Idea of a Home: A Kind of Space. Social Research, 58(1), 287-307.
-Douglas, Mary. (2002). Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London and New York: Routledge.
-Downey, Gary Lee, Dumit, Joseph, Williams, Sarah. (1995). Cyborg Anthropology. Cultural Anthropology, 10(2), 264-265.
-Durkheim, Emile. (1982). The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo, Singapore: The Free Press.
-Erickson, Paul A., Murphy, Liam D. (2017). A History of Anthropological Theory. Ontaria: University of Toronto Press. Pp. 147-149.
-Eriksen, Thomas Hylland and Finn Sivert Nielsen. (2001). A History of Anthropology. London, New York: Pluto Press.
-Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. (2015). Small Places, Large Issues: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. London, New York: Pluto Press.
-Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1940).The Nuer : a Description of The Modes of Livelihood and Political İnstitutions of a Nilotic People. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-Evens, T. M. S., Handelman, Don. (2005). The Etnographic Praxis of the Theory of Practice. Social Analysis, 49(3), 1-11.
-Faubion, James D.. (1993). History in Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 22, 35-54.
-Foucault, Michel, (2012). Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
-Fox, Richard G. (Ed.). (1991). Recapturing Anthropology. New Mexico: School of American Research Press.
-Frake, Charles O. (1962). Cultural Ecology and Etnography. American Anthropologist, 64(1), 53-59.
-Frake, Charles O. (1964). How to Ask for a Drink in Subanun. American Anthropologist, 66(6), 127-132).
-Frake, Charles O. (1985). Cognitive Maps of Time and Tide among Medieval Seafarers. Man, 20(2), 254-270.
-Gebauer, Gunter, Gulf, Christoph. (2009). After the ‘Death of Man’: From Philosphical Anthropology to Historical Anthropology. Iris, I, 171-186.
-Geertz, Clifford. (1973). Ideology as a Cultural System. (Ed.) Clifford Geertz, The Interpretations of Culture: Selected Essays (193-234), New York: Basic Books.
-Geertz, Clifford. (1973). Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. (Ed.) Clifford Geertz, The Interpretations of Culture: Selected Essays (3-32), New York: Basic Books.
-Geertz, Clifford. (1977). The Interpretation Of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
-Geertz, Clifford. (1980). Blurred Genres: The Refiguration of Social Thought. The American Scholar, 49(2), 165-179.
-Geertz, Clifford. (1990). History and Anthropology. New Literary History, 21 (2), 321-335.
-Georges, Robert A., Jones, Michæl O. (1980). People Studying People. California: University of California Press.
-Gibson, Mhairi A., Lawson, Dawid W. (2015). Applying Evolutionary Anthropology. Evolutionary Anthropology, 24, 3-14.
-Gluckman, Max. (1949). The Village Headman in British Central Africa. Journal of the International African Institute, 19(2), 89-106.
-Gluckman, Max. (1955). The Peace in the Feud. Past & Present, 8, 1-14.
-Gluckman, Max. (1960). Tribalism in Modern British Central Africa. Cahiers d’Etudes Africaines, 1(1), 55-70.
-Gluckman, Max. (1968). Psychological, Sociological and Anthropological Explanation of Witchcraft and Gossip: A Clarification. Man, 3(1), 20-34.
-Goodenough, Ward G. (1965). Yankee Kinship Terminology: A Problem in Componential Analysis. American Anthropologist, 67(5), 259-287.
-Goodenough, Ward G. (1976). Multiculturalism as the Normal Human Experience. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 7(4), 4-7.
-Goodenough, Ward H. (1956). Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning. Language, 32(1), 195-216.
-Graeber, David. The Anthropology of Globalization (with Notes on Neomedievalism, and the End of Chinese Model of the Nation-State). American Anthropologist, 104(4), 1222-1227.
-Hahn, Hans Peter. (2008). Diffusionism, Appropriation, and Globalization Some Remarks on Current Debates in Anthropology. Anthropos, 103, 191-202
-Hannerz, Ulf. (1986). Theory in Anthropology: Small is Beautiful? The Problem of Complex Cultures. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28(2), 362-367.
-Hannerz, Ulf. (2003), Being there... and there... and there! Reflections on multi-site ethnography, Ethnography, 4(2), 201-216.
-Harris, Marvin, (2001). The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture. London, New Delhi: AltaMira Press.
-Harris, Marvin. (1964). Patterns of Race in the Americas. New York: Walker and Company.
-Harris, Marvin. (1976). History and Significance of the Emic / Etic Distinction. Annual Review of Anthropology, 5, 329-350.
-Harris, Marvin. (1979). Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture. New York: Random House.
-Harris, Marvin. (1999). Theories of Culture in Postmodern Times. London, New Delhi: Altamira Press.
-Howell, Signe. (1997). Cultural Studies and Social Anthropology: Contesting or Complementary Discourses. Stephen Nugent, Cris Shore (Eds.) Anthropology and Cultural Studies (103-125). London: Pluto Press.
-Ingold, Tim. (2006). Anthropology is not Ethnography. Proceedings of the British Academy 154. London: Oxford University Press, 69-92.
-Ingold, Tim. (2014). That’s enough about ethnography. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4 (1), 383–395.
-Jenkins, Richard. (2006). Pierre Bourdieu. London and New York: Routledge.
-Kalb, Don, Marks, Hans, Tak, Herman. (1996). Historical Anthropology and Anthropological History: Two Distinct Programs. Focaal, 26/27, 5-13.
-Knight, Chris. (2007). Revising Matrilineal Priority. Émergence et évolution de la parenté. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm/Presses de l’École normale supérieure, 25-43.
-Knight, Chris. (2008). Early Human Kinship was Matrilineal?. N. J. Allen, H. Callan, R. Dunbar, W. James (Eds.), Early Human Kinship (61-82). Oxford: Blackwell.
-Lamaison, Pierre, Bourdieu, Pierre. (1986). From Rules to Strategies: An Interview with Pierre Bourdieu. Cultural Anthropology, 1(1), 110-120.
-Leach, Edmund. (1955). Polyandry, Inheritance and the Definition of Marriage. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 55, 182-186.
-Leach, Edmund. (1966). Virgin Birth. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 39-49.
-Leach, Edmund. (1974). Political Systems of Highland Burma A Study of Kachin Social Structure. London: The Athlone Press.
-Leach, Edmund. (1986). Tribal Ethnography: Past, Present, Future. The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, 11(2), 1-14.
-Lem, Winnie. (2007). William Roseberry, Class and Inequality in the Anthropology of Migration. Critique of Anthropology, 27(4), 377-394.
-Levin, Ellen. (Ed.). (2006). Feminist Anthropology a Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
-Levi-Strauss, Claude. (1961). Tristes Tropiques. New York: Criterion Books.
-Lévi-Strauss, Claude. (2009 [1955]). Primary Text: The Structural Study of Myth. Jerry D. Moore (Ed.), Visions of Culture an Annotated Reader (278-298). Lanham, New York, Toronto: Altamira Press.
-Levi-Strauss, Claude.(1974). Structural Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
-Lewellen, Ted C. (2002). The Anthropology of Globalization. Westport, Connecticut, London: Bergin & Garvey.
-Lloyd, Kenneth E. (1985). Behavioral Anthropology: A Review of Marvin Harris’ Cultural Materialism. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43, 279-287.
-Malinowski, Bronislaw. (1948). Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.
-Malinowski, Bronislaw. (2014). Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London and New York: Routledge.
-Manners, Robert A., Kaplan, David. (1968). Notes on Theory and non-Theory in Anthropology. Robert A. Manners, David Kaplan (Eds), Theory in Anthropology A Sourcebook (1-13). London: Routledge
-Marcus, George E. and Michael M. J. Fischer. (1999). Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-Marcus, George. E. (1998). Ethnography Through Thick And Thin. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
-Mascia Lees Francis.E. (2009). Gender and Difference in a Globalizing World: Twenty-First-Century Anthropology. Long Grove, III: Waveland Pr Inc.
-Mauss, Marcel. (2011). The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. London and New York: Routledge.
-McGee, R. Jon and Richard Warms. (1996). Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History. California: Mayfield Publishing.
-McGee, R. Jon and Richard Warms. (2013). Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: Sage Publication.
-Mead, Margaret. (1963). Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. New York: Morrow.
-Mintz, Sidney W. (1953). The Folk-Urban Continuum and the Rural Proletarian Community. American Journal of Sociology, 59(2), 136-143.
-Mintz, Sidney W. (1971). Men, Women, and Trade. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 13(3), 247-269.
-Mintz, Sidney W. (1977). The So-Called World System: Local Initiative and Local Response. Dialectical Anthropology, 2(4), 253-270.
-Mintz, Sidney W. (1978). Was the Plantation Slave a Proletarian?. Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 2(1), 81-98.
-Mintz, Sidney W., Du Bois, Christine M. (2002). The Anthropology of Food and Eating. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 99-119.
-Mintz, Sidney W., Wolf, Eric. (1950). An Analysis of Ritual Co-Parenthhod (Compadrazgo). Southwestern Journal fo Anthropology, 6(4), 341-368.
-Morgan, Henry. (1985). Ancient Society. Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
-Nugent, Stephen. (1997). Brother, Can you Share a Paradigm?. Stephen Nugent, Cris Shore (Eds.) Anthropology and Cultural Studies (1-10). London: Pluto Press
-Ortner Sherry B. (1973). On Key Symbols, American Anthropologist, 75(5), 1338-1346.
-Ortner, Sherry B. (1984). Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(1), 126-166.
-Ortner, Sherry B. (2005). Subjectivity and Cultural Critique. Anthropological Theory, 5(1), 31-52.
-Ortner, Sherry B. (2006). Anthropology and Social Theory Culture, Power, and the Acting Subject. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
-Ortner, Sherry B. (2016). Dark Anthropology and its Others Theory since the Eighties. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1), 47-73.
-Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1935). On the Concept of Function in Social Science. American Anthropologist, 37, 394-402.
-Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1940). On Social Structure. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 70(1), 1-12.
-Rantanen, Terhi. (2006). A Mand Behind Scapes an Interview with Arjun Appadurai. Global Media and Communication, 2(1), 7-19.
-Rappaport, Roy. (1984). Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. Yale University Press.
-Reiter, Rayna R.. (1975). Introduction. (Ed.) Rayna R. Reiter, Toward an Anthropology of Woman (11-19). New York: Monthly Review Press.
-Rodriguez, Cherly, Baber, Yvette. (2007). Reconstructing a Community through Archival Research. Michael V. Angrosino (ed.), Doing Cultural Anthropology Projects for Ethnographic
-Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist, Lamphere, Louise. (1974). Woman, Culture, and Society. California: Stanford University Press.
-Roseberry, William. (1976). Rent, Differentiation, and the Development of Capitalism among Peasants. American Anthropologist, 78, 45-58.
-Roseberry, William. (1982). Balinese Cockfights and the Seduction of Anthropology. Social Research, 49(4), 1013-1028.
-Roseberry, William. (1986). The Ideology of Domestic Production. Labour, Capital and Society, 19(1), 70-93.
-Roseberry, William. (1992). Multiculturalism and the Challenge of Anthropology. Social Research, 59(4), 841-858.
-Roseberry, William. (1996). The Rise of Yuppie Coffes and the Reimagination of Class in the United States. American Anthropologist, 98(4), 762-775.
-Roseberry, William. (1997). Marx and Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 25-46.
-Sandu, Antonio. (2015). The Anthropology of Immortality and the Crisis of Posthuman Conscience. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 14 (40), 3-26.
-Sandu, Antonio. (2015). The Anthropology of Immortality and the Crisis of Posthuman Conscience. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 14 (40), 3-26.
-Sangren, P. Steven. (2007). Anthropology of Anthropology?: Further Reflections on Reflexivity. Anthropology Today, 23 (4), 13-16.
-Shapiro, Warren. (2009). A (P)lot of Marxist Crop: A Review Article. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 35(1), 123-141.
-Smith, Dorothy E. (1992). Sociology from Women’s Perspective: A Reaffirmation. Sociological Theory
-Smith, G. Elliot. (1916). The Influence of Ancient Egyptian Civilization in the East and in America. Bulletin of the John Eylands Library, 48-72.
-Spiro, Melford E. (1996). Postmodernist Anthropology, Subjectivity, and Science: A Modernist Critique. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 38(4), 756-780.
-Spradley, James P. (1979). Ethnographic Interview. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
-Spradley, James P. (1980). Participant Observation. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
-Steward, Julian, Shimkin, Demitri. (1961). Some Mechanisms of Socio Cultural Evolution. Daedalus, 90(3), 477-497.
-Steward, Julian. (1929). Diffusion and Independent Invention: A Critique of Logic. American Anthropologist, 31(3), 491-495.
-Steward, Julian. (1954). Theory and Application in a Social Science. Ethnohistory, 2(4), 292-302.
-Steward, Julian. (1956). Cultural Evolution. Scientific American, 194(5), 69-83.
-Steward, Julian. (1990). Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
-Steward, Julian. (2006). The Concept and Method of Cultural Ecology. (Eds.) Nora Haenn, Richard R. Wilk, The Environment in Anthropology a Reader in Ecology, Culture, and Sustainable Living. New York and London: New York University Press.
-Strathern, Marilyn. (1980). No Nature, No Culture: the Hagen Case, (Eds) Carol MacCormack and Marilyn Strathern, Nature, Culture and Gender (174-222), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-Strathern, Marilyn. (1990). The Gender of the Gift. California: University of California Press.
-Taussig, Michael T. (1980). Reification and the Consciousness of the Patient. Social Science Med. 14B, 3-13.
-Taussig, Michael. (1984). Culture of Terror – Space of Death. Roger Casement’s Putuyamo Report and the Explanation of Torture. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(3), 467-497. ,
-Taussig, Michael. (1984). History as Sorcery. Representations, 7, 87-109.
-Tilly, Charles. (1978). Anthropology, History and the Annales. CRSO Working Paper 173. Michigan.
-Turner, Victor W. and Edward M Bruner. (2001). The Anthropology of Experience. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
-Turner, Victor W.. (1973). Symbols in African Ritual. Science, 179 (4078), 1100-1105.
-Turner, Victor. (1975). Symbolic Studies. Annual Review of Anthropology, 4(1975), 145-161.
-Turner, Victor. (1977). Process, System, and Symbol: A New Anthropological Synthesis. Daedalus, 106(3), 61-80.
-Turner, Victor. (1980). Social Dramas and Stories about Them. Critical Inquiry, 7(1), 141-168.
-Turner, Victor.W. (1970). The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press.
-Turner, Victor.W. (1988). The Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publication.
-Tylor, Edward. 2009 [1871]. Primary Text: Primitive Culture (Excerpts). (Ed.) Jerry D. Moore, Visions of Culture an Annotated Reader (4-11). Lanham, New York, Toronto: Altamira Press.
-Van Gennep, Arnold. (1960). the Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-Vermeulen, Han F. (2006). The German Ethnographic Tradition and the American Connection. History of Anthropology Newsletter, 33(2), 9-14.
-Vermeulen, Han F. (2006). The German Ethnographic Tradition and the American Connection. History of Anthropology Newsletter, 33(2), 9-14.
-Vermeulen, Hendrik Frederik. (2008). Early History of Ethnography and Ethnology in the German Enlightenment: Anthropological Discourse in Europe and Asia, 1710-1808. Universiteit Leiden.
-Wacquant, Loïc. (2004). Following Pierre Bourdieu into the Field. Ethnography, 5(4), 387-414.
-Wacquant, Loïc. (2007). Territorial Stigmatization in the Age of Advanced Marginality. Thesis Eleven, 91, 66-77.
-Wacquant, Loïc. (2008). Urban Outcasts a Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity.
-Wagley, Charles, Harris, Marvin. (1955). A Typology of Latin American Subcultures. American Anthropologist, 57(3), 428-451.
-Wallerstein, Immanuel. (2003). Anthropology, Sociology, and Other Dubious Disciplines. Current Anthropology, 44(4), 453-465.
-Werbner, Richard P.. (1984). The Manchester School in South-Central Africa. Annual Review of Anthropology, 13, 157-185.
-White, Leslie A. (1945). ‘Diffusion vs. Evolution’: An Anti-Evolutionisy Fallacy. American Anthropologist, 47(3), 339-356.
-White, Leslie A. (1945). History, Evolutionism, and Functionalism: Three Types of Interpretation of Culture. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 1(2), 221-248.
-White, Leslie A. (1948). The Definition and Prohibition of Incest. American Anthropologist, 50(3), 416-435.
-White, Leslie A.. (1943). Energy and the Evolution of Culture. American Anthropologist, 45(3), 335-356.
-White, Leslie A.. (1959). The Concept of Culture. American Anthropologist, 61(2), 227-251.
-Whitehead, Neil L. (2009). Post-Human Anthropology. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 16, 1-32.
-Whitehead, Neil L., Wesch, Michael. (2009). Human No More Digital Subjectivities in a Post-Human Anthropology. In Focus, Anthropology News, December, 12.
-Willis, Paul. (1997). Theoretically Informed Ethnographic Study. Stephen Nugent, Cris Shore (Eds.) Anthropology and Cultural Studies (182-192). London: Pluto Press.
-Wolf, Eric R. (1966). Kinship, Friendship, and Patron-Client Relations in Complex Societies. (Ed.) Michael Banton, The Social Anthropology of Complex Societies (1-22), London and New York: Routledge.
-Wolf, Eric R., Mintz, Sidney. (1957). Haciendas and Plantations in Middle America and the Antilles. Social and Economic Studies, 6(3), 380-412.
-Yengoyan, Aram. (1986). Theory in Anthropology: On the Demise of the Concept of Culture, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28(2), 368-374.